Introduction

Trees are more than just beautiful additions to your Moore County property; they're valuable assets that contribute to your home's curb appeal, property value, and even your family's well-being. Proper tree care not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of your property but also contributes to the overall health and longevity of your trees.

In this guide, we will cover all aspects of tree care, including pruning, fertilization, watering, disease and pest prevention, when to handle tasks yourself, and when to call in an ISA Certified Arborist©. Additionally, we'll discuss how to choose the right tree service and the importance of mulching for optimal tree health. By following the expert tips and strategies outlined in this guide, you'll be well-equipped to care for your trees in Moore County, NC, ensuring they thrive for years to come. So let's dive into the world of tree care and discover how to maintain a vibrant, healthy, and safe landscape for you and your family to enjoy.

Pruning ‐ The Art of Tree trimming

Proper pruning is vital for maintaining the health, safety, and longevity of your trees. It also plays a significant role in enhancing the aesthetic appeal of your landscape. This is a delicate process that requires knowledge and skill. Poor pruning can lead to pests, disease, hazardous conditions, and even the death of a tree. In this section, we'll discuss the importance of pruning, when and how to prune, and whether to tackle this task yourself or hire a professional.

Why Prune?

• Tree health

  Regular pruning helps remove dead or damaged branches. Proper pruning can also reduce risk by making limbs less likely to be damaged during a storm, and by encouraging healthy growth patterns.

• Ensures safety

  Pruning removes weak or hazardous branches that could potentially fall and cause damage or injury.

• Enhances aesthetics

  Proper pruning can improve the shape, structure, and appearance of your trees, making your landscape more visually appealing.

Common Pruning Techniques & Terms

The reasons for pruning lead to a number of common techniques that are used for pruning various trees. The type of method used will be determined by the species of tree, and the goals of the homeowner.

• Thinning

  Thinning involves selectively removing branches to increase light penetration and air movement within the tree's crown.

  For a long time thinning has been thought to reduce the risk of tree being damaged in storms by reducing the amount of resistance. More evidence however suggests that we should leave trees alone, given they are naturally adept at managing wind load.

  With current research, thinning should be performed in order to achieve light penetration for the homeowners desires, but not for the sake of the tree. Also, when performed, it should be done properly and the least amount of limbs possible should be removed to achieve the desired goal.

• Raising

  Crown raising involves removing lower branches to provide clearance for buildings, vehicles, or pedestrians. This technique is often used to improve visibility and access in urban or suburban landscapes.

• Reduction

  Crown reduction involves reducing the height or spread of a tree by pruning back the ends of branches. This technique is used to manage the size of a tree or to reduce the risk of failure due to weak branch attachments.

  This type of pruning utilizes reduction cuts, which describes a type of cut rather than a general pruning technique. Shortening branches by cutting them back larteral branch.

• Cleaning

  Cleaning a tree means to remove all dead, diseased, or damaged branches. This achieves a safer and healthier tree by allowing it to seal quickly, and avoids these unhealthy limbs coming down and hurting people or damaging structures and property.

  In Moore County we see this most frequently on the various species of pine and on black oaks. Other species certain create deadwood and it is normal, but these two are the most obvious and pertinent examples. Deadwood is a natural occurrance, limbs naturally die off due to a lack of sunlight through competition making it not produce enough resources to sustain itself.

  In other cases, dead wood is produced by lighting strikes, constrution damange, or disease. These occurrances can create large sections of dead wood and create significant hazards to people and property. In these cases, it is best to have the tree assessed by an ISA Certified Arborist© to determine if it is a good candidate for removal due to a heightened risk of failure.

When to Prune

Timing can be a major factor when it comes to tree trimming. The best time to prune depends on several factors, including the tree species, your geographic location, and the specific goals of the pruning. Most trees can tolerate some amount of trimming throughout the year, while heavy trimming if needed, should be timed carefully. We will first discuss general guidelines, then will give some tips for the most common trees in Moore County.

General guidelines

• Deadwood removal

  Deadwood removal or cleaning can be performed any time of year, at least in Moore County. In places where Oak Wilt and Dutch Elm Disease are a problem this would be poor advice.

• Late winter or early spring

  This is the ideal time to prune many deciduous trees. The tree is dormant, making it easier to see the branch structure. Additionally, the tree is not attempting to produce, and so additional stress is not added to the tree by reducing the active food supply. Pruning stimulates new growth in the spring.

• Summer

  Avoid heavy pruning during the summer as it can stress the tree and increase the risk of disease. This comes down entirely to stress. In the same way that humans are stressed, hot and dry periods cause a tree to use water and energy reserves, making it more susceptible to pests, disease, and death when it's food supply is reduced. It is similar to making human do intense activity in the heat, without water, and simultaneously cutting their caloric intake. Light pruning to remove dead or diseased wood is acceptable.

• Fall

  For many species of tree, pruning will stimulate new growth. For these types of trees it is important to avoid pruning too close to when a frost may occur, as the newly developed growth could be damaged by a frost if not allowed enough time to establish.

• Evergreens

  The best time to prune evergreens depends on the specific type. Some, like pines and spruces, are usually best pruned in late winter or early spring, while others, like junipers and yews, can be pruned throughout the growing season.

Pruning Common Trees in Moore County

• Pinus palustris (Longleaf Pine), Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine), Pinus elliottii (Slash Pine), other Pinus (pines)

  Cleaning of these trees is acceptable year round, optimal time for any signifcant pruning of the live canopy is ideally delayed until late winter / early spring.

• Ilex opaca (American Holly)

  These can be pruned most of the year. Avoid any significant pruning and trimming in the fall just prior to a frost.

• Quercus marilandica (Blackjack Oak)

  These oaks tend to produce significant amounts of deadwood and are generally not used in landscapes for this reason. Pruning of live wood is best in the dormant season, while dead wood can be removed anytime.

• Lagerstroemia indica (Crepe Myrtle)

  Crepe Myrtle trees are best pruned in the late winter, just before spring when pruning for size and shape. When attempting to stimulate additional blooming, prune immediately after flowers fade. Avoid pruning too close to frost.

Common Pruning Mistakes

While pruning is essential for maintaining the health, safety, and aesthetic appeal of your trees, it's crucial to avoid common mistakes that can cause damage or negatively impact your trees. Even with the best intentions, it's easy to make mistakes when pruning trees. Here are a few common pruning mistakes and tips on how to avoid them:

• Topping

  Severely cutting back the main trunk or large branches to reduce height. This is highly damaging and can lead to decay, disease, and structural weakness. Few trees tolerate this method well, and those that do (crepe myrtle, holly, etc.) need to be managed year over year to avoid the signifcant hazard created by sprouts that are overgrown and create a weak attachment point where previously cut.

• Over-Pruning

  Removing too much foliage can stress the tree, making it more susceptible to pests and diseases. For most mature trees, no more than 25-30% of the canopy should not be removed in a single growing season.

• Incorrect Cuts

  Making flush cuts (cutting too close to the trunk) or stub cuts (leaving a long stub) can prevent proper wound closure and increase the risk of infection. Cuts need to be made at, or just outside of the branch collar and we need to remember that trees don't heal, they seal with new wood over time. Review CODIT for more information.

• Improper Timing

  Pruning at the wrong time of year can stress the tree, increase the risk of infection or disease, and negatively impact its health and appearance.

Proper pruning is essential for maintaining the health, safety, and aesthetic appeal of your trees. By understanding the basics of pruning techniques, timing, and common mistakes, you can make informed decisions about the care of your trees. Remember, if you're unsure about how to prune a particular tree or if the task seems overwhelming, it's always best to consult with an ISA Certified Arborist© . Consider hiring a professional tree service like Tactical Trees for tasks that require working at heights or handling large, heavy branches. Checkout our pruning service for more information.

Fertilization & Watering - Nourishing Your Trees

Proper fertilization and watering are essential components of tree care, as they directly impact the health, growth, and overall well-being of your trees. By understanding the importance of fertilization and watering, when to fertilize and water, and how to properly apply these nutrients, you can ensure the long-term health and beauty of your trees in Moore County, NC. In this section, we'll discuss the benefits of fertilization and watering, the best practices for applying these nutrients, and the role of soil testing in determining your trees' specific needs.

Determining Your Tree's Needs

The type and amount of fertilizer your trees require depends on several factors, including:

• Tree Species

  Different species have varying requirements for sunlight, water, soil type, and nutrients. Native vs. non-native species may have different adaptability to the local environment.

• Soil Composition

  Soil type (clay, loam, sand) affects water retention and nutrient availability. pH levels determine nutrient uptake; some trees prefer acidic soils, while others thrive in alkaline conditions. Organic matter content influences soil fertility and structure.

• Climate and Environmental Conditions

  Temperature, humidity, and seasonal variations impact water needs and growth cycles. Wind exposure can lead to increased water loss and stress on the tree. Frost and drought tolerance vary by species.

• Tree Age and Growth Stage

  Young trees generally require more frequent watering and specific nutrients for root development. Mature trees may need less water but more targeted nutrients to support sustained growth. Aging trees may require more care to manage disease and structural integrity.

• Sunlight Exposure

  Full sun, partial shade, or full shade requirements depend on the tree species. Sunlight exposure influences photosynthesis rates and energy production.

• Water Availability

  Proximity to water sources, natural rainfall, and irrigation practices all affect water needs. Soil drainage plays a role in preventing root rot and ensuring roots have access to oxygen.

• Pests and Diseases

  Trees may have specific vulnerabilities to pests and diseases, requiring tailored treatments or preventative measures. The local ecosystem and tree species diversity impact pest populations and disease spread.

• Root Space and Soil Compaction

  Adequate root space is crucial for nutrient and water absorption. Soil compaction from foot traffic or construction can restrict root growth and reduce oxygen availability.

• Pruning and Maintenance History

  Regular pruning helps maintain tree structure and health, but over-pruning can stress a tree. Previous damage or improper pruning techniques can influence current care needs.

• Surrounding Vegetation and Competition

  Competition for light, water, and nutrients from nearby plants or trees can impact a tree’s needs. Understanding the surrounding ecosystem helps in managing tree health and growth.

• Intended Purpose (Ornamental, Shade, Fruit Production)

  Trees planted for specific purposes, such as fruit production, may require specialized care to maximize yield. Ornamental trees may need more attention to aesthetics, influencing pruning and fertilization practices.

These factors collectively help in assessing what a tree requires for optimal health and growth. Understanding and balancing these elements allows for a more tailored and effective tree care approach. With these things in mind, we can assess how much water and other nutrients the trees may need.

Watering

Once we know what our trees need, we can move on to setting up systems to ensure they receive the water they need. Proper watering is essential for the health and growth of your trees. By understanding the right techniques and avoiding common mistakes, you can ensure your trees receive the moisture they need to thrive.

• Do water consistently

  Provide your trees with consistent moisture, especially during their first few years of growth. Water deeply and regularly to encourage strong root development and overall health.

• Do water at the right time

  Water your trees in the early morning or late evening, when temperatures are cooler and evaporation is minimized. This allows the water to soak into the soil and reach the tree's roots more effectively.

• Do use the right amount of water

  The amount of water your tree needs depends on its size, age, and species. As a general rule, most trees require about 1 to 2 inches of water per week, either through rainfall or supplemental irrigation. For sandy soils like we tend to have in Moore County, this means applying less water, more often because sandy soils do not retain water.

• Do water the roots, not the trunk or branches

  Apply water at the base of the tree, near the trunk, to ensure it reaches the root zone. This helps prevent water loss through evaporation and promotes healthy root growth.

• Do mulch around the tree

  Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the tree to help retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and reduce competition from weeds. There is a right way and wrong way to mulch around a tree, jump down to see our tips on doing this well.

• Don't overwater

  Overwatering your trees can lead to root rot, fungal diseases, and other problems. Avoid saturating the soil or creating standing water around the tree. In sandy soils, it is difficult to overwater, but it can happen.

• Don't underwater

  Underwatering can cause stress, stunted growth, and even death in some cases. Ensure your trees receive adequate moisture, especially during periods of drought or high temperatures.

• Don't water the leaves

  Watering the leaves of your trees can promote the growth of fungal diseases and increase the risk of sunscald. Focus on watering the base of the tree near the trunk.

• Don't use a sprinkler system

  Sprinkler systems can be inefficient and may not deliver water directly to the tree's root zone. Opt for a soaker hose or hand watering when possible to ensure your tree receives the moisture it needs. Additionally, ensure that a sprinkler is not watering the trunk of a tree directly.

Fertilization

Fertilization is an essential component of tree care, as it provides the nutrients necessary for healthy growth and overall well-being. By understanding the right techniques and avoiding common mistakes, you can ensure your trees receive the nutrients they need to thrive in Moore County, NC. Here's a detailed guide on fertilization:

• Do perform a soil test

  Conduct a soil test to determine your trees' specific nutrient needs. This will help you select the appropriate fertilizer and application rate for your trees.

• Do choose the right fertilizer

  Select a fertilizer with a balanced nutrient ratio (N-P-K) that meets your trees' specific needs. Consider slow-release fertilizers or organic options for sustained nutrient release.

• Do apply fertilizer at the right time

  Apply fertilizer during the growing season (typically spring or early summer) when your trees are actively growing and can best utilize the nutrients.

• Do apply fertilizer at the right rate

  Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for application rates and avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to nutrient imbalances and other problems.

• Do apply fertilizer at the right location

  Apply fertilizer around the base of the tree, within the drip line (the area beneath the tree's canopy). This ensures the nutrients reach the root zone and are absorbed by the tree

• Don't over-fertilize

  Over-fertilizing can lead to nutrient imbalances, root burn, and other problems. Stick to the recommended application rates and avoid applying fertilizer too frequently.

• Don't apply fertilizer too close to the trunk

  Applying fertilizer too close to the trunk can cause root burn and damage the tree. Keep the fertilizer at least a few inches away from the trunk.

• Don't apply fertilizer during periods of drought or extreme temperatures

  Avoid applying fertilizer during periods of drought or extreme temperatures, as the tree may not be able to absorb the nutrients effectively. Wait for more favorable conditions to apply fertilizer.

• Don't use a weed-and-feed product

  Weed-and-feed products contain herbicides that can damage your trees. Opt for a separate fertilizer and herbicide product to avoid unintentional harm to your trees.

Following these guidelines ensures that your trees are fertilized properly, promoting strong growth and long-term health without the risks associated with improper fertilization.

The Importance of Mulching

Mulching is an essential component of tree care, as it provides numerous benefits for the health and growth of your trees. By applying a layer of mulch around the base of your trees, you can:

• Retain moisture

  Mulch helps retain moisture in the soil by reducing evaporation, allowing your trees to access the water they need for healthy growth.

• Regulate soil temperature

  Mulch acts as an insulator, helping to regulate soil temperature by keeping the roots cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter. This promotes healthy root growth and overall tree health.

• Control weeds

  Mulch helps control weeds by blocking sunlight and inhibiting their growth. This reduces competition for nutrients and water, allowing your trees to thrive.

• Improve soil quality

  As mulch decomposes, it adds organic matter to the soil, improving its structure, fertility, and overall quality. This promotes healthy root growth and nutrient uptake for your trees.

• Prevent damage

  Mulch helps protect your trees from damage caused by mowers and other equipment, reducing the risk of injury to the trunk and roots.

To mulch your trees effectively, apply a thin layer (2" thick) of mulch around the base of the tree, within the drip line (the area beneath the tree's canopy). Keep the mulch a few inches away from the trunk to prevent moisture buildup and the risk of rot. Use a well-draining, organic mulch, such as wood chips, bark, or leaves, and avoid using materials that can harm your trees, such as rocks or plastic mulch.

Disease and Pest Prevention

Maintaining the health and beauty of your trees in requires effective disease and pest prevention strategies. By understanding the common diseases and pests that affect trees in the area, as well as implementing proactive measures to prevent and control their spread, you can protect your trees and ensure their long-term well-being. In this section, we'll discuss the most common diseases and pests in Moore County, the signs and symptoms to watch for, and the best practices for prevention and control.

Common Diseases

• Powdery Mildew

  Powdery Mildew is commonly seen on dogwoods, crepe myrtles, and other ornamental trees. Look for white, powdery fungal growth on tree leaves and distorted growth. The best thing to do is to improve air circulation, but other treatment may be required in more severe cases.

• Anthracnose

  This is a common fungal infection in many hardwood trees that can often be left untreated, except in severe cases. Look for lesions on leaves and on sycamores look for dieback of twigs. Common treatments include pruning infected twigs, and increasing light penetration and air circulation. Fungicides may be used in severe cases.

• Canker diseases

  Cankers are created when part of a stem or the bark is damaged on a tree, which can be caused by infection, environmental factors or mechanical injury. There is usually a swollen or sunken area on the tree. In most cases, the infection takes hold when the tree is damaged. The best prevention method is to maintain a healthy tree and environment, and avoid wounding the tree.

• Root Rot

  Root rot is caused by one of a few possible diseases that are usually fungal. Visible sympotoms usually include dieback in the canopy and early leaf drop. Additionally, looking for mushrooms around the base of a tree is always a sign of rot and is a major red flag. These infections are more common after very wet spells and when water around trees is not drained well. Tree removal is the most common treatment as rotting roots can create a major hazard.

Common Pests

• Southern Pine Beetle

  Southern Pine Beetles bore into the bark of pine trees, creating winding, S-shaped galleries as they feed and lay eggs. These galleries disrupt the flow of nutrients and water within the tree, leading to yellowing needles, wilting, and eventually tree death. A key sign of SPB infestation is the presence of small, popcorn-like resin masses, known as pitch tubes, on the tree’s bark, along with sawdust at the tree's base. Spraying trees is generally ineffective and not recommended, tree removal as soon as infection as known is the best and most common treatment.

• Scale Insects

  Scale insects are small, sap-sucking pests that attach themselves to the bark, leaves, or needles of trees and shrubs. They appear as tiny, often oval or round, bumps on the plant surface and can be brown, white, or gray, depending on the species. These insects secrete a protective, waxy coating that shields them from predators and environmental conditions, making them hard to detect and treat.

  Scale insects feed on the plant's sap, weakening the tree and causing yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and sometimes branch dieback. They also produce a sticky substance called honeydew, which can lead to the growth of sooty mold on the tree's surface. If left untreated, severe infestations can significantly damage or even kill the affected tree.

  Horticultural oils and Insecticidal soap are common treatments that can be very effective. Continuous monitoring is necessary to ensure that populations do not come back. Persistent problems will require an Integrated Pest Management approach.

• Caterpillars

  Caterpillars, the larval stage of moths and butterflies, are common pests that can cause significant damage to trees. As voracious feeders, caterpillars primarily attack leaves, chewing holes or completely defoliating branches, which weakens the tree by reducing its ability to photosynthesize. This can lead to stunted growth, increased susceptibility to diseases, and, in severe cases, tree death. Manual removal is an option for smaller populations and insecticides for large infestations.

Conclusion

Caring for trees in Moore County requires a thoughtful approach that considers local conditions and common challenges. By focusing on proper watering, especially in sandy soils, and following best practices in fertilization, homeowners can promote strong, healthy growth in their trees. Regular monitoring for pests and diseases, such as Southern Pine Beetles and scale insects, is essential to catch issues early and prevent significant damage.

While some tree care tasks can be handled by homeowners, it’s important to recognize when professional help is needed, particularly for complex or hazardous situations. By combining diligent care with expert assistance when necessary, you can ensure that your trees not only survive but thrive, enhancing the beauty and health of your landscape for years to come.